v0.4 10/24/2000 Rui Sousa

Index

1. Logging in
	.1 RedHat 6.1

2. Basic Unix commands
	man, cp, ls, cd, rm, top, kill, ps.

3. Compiling and running programs
	.1 gcc
	.2 g77
	.3 Running
	.4 make

4. E-mail
	netscape, pine, exmh, elm, mail

5. Remote access
	telnet, ssh, ftp

6. Internationalization
	Gnome
	KDE
	Gnu programs

7. Printing
	lpr, lpq, lprm
        lpr -Plaser abc.pdf
        e.g. lpr -Plaser -o sides=two-sided-long-edge -o fit-to-page -o media=letter -o page-ranges=1-2 abc.pdf
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1. Logging in

1.1 RedHat 6.1
	Place the mouse over the login dialog and enter your name and password.
	On the top bar you have three menus:

	"Session" allows you to choose different Graphical Users Interface (GUI)
	and/or different Window Managers (WM).

	"Language" gives you the choice for the language used by applications.
	Translations are far from complete but you can give it a try and see
	how much you hate it ;) 
	This is only used by Gnome. For KDE change the default Language
	in the "Settings/Desktop/Language" menu (inside kde)  

	"System" menu gives you opportunity to cleanly reboot or halt
	the computer. If the computer is in a state where you can actually
	use the menu then you shouldn't need to reboot. Leave it alone. 

2. Basic Unix commands
	man - Gives you the manual page for a command. One of the _most_ 
        important commands, IMHO.
		man some_command

	cp - Copies files
		cp this_file new_file

	ls - Lists files in a directory

	cd - Change directory
		cd some_path

	rm - Deletes file
		rm garbage.txt

	mkdir - Creates new directories.
        	mkdir new_directory
 
	rmdir - Deletes directories.
        	rmdir go_away_directory 

	top - Shows running processes. Quit using "q" (this is a hard one to
	 remember ;)

	kill - Kills processes. You need the process ID number, use top to get
	 it.
      		You can only kill your own processes.
		kill PID

	ps - Another way of listing running processes. Most useful in the form:
		ps uax

	tail - shows the end of a file

	head - shows the beginning of a file

	grep - searches a file for a regular expression

	cat - shows an entire file


3. Compiling and running programs

3.1 gcc- C/C++ compiler
        usage:
	gcc source.c -o program_name

	to compile with the math library (when including math.h) use
	gcc source.c -lm -o program_name	

	You also may want to try the following options:
	-O3	provides lots of optimizations (your code runs faster)
	-Wall	warns you about all possible mistakes (may help you solve bugs)

	Example:

	gcc -O3 -Wall source.c -lm -o program

3.2 g77- Fortran compiler
	g77 source.f -o program_name

	For more options see above (gcc).

3.3 Running
	run with:
	./my_program
	The initial "." means "the directory I'm in", the "/" is just the usual
	separator in Unix paths (the dos "\"). So the command stands for
 	run the program my_program which is in this directory. Most useful
	for when the "." directory is not in your PATH environment variable. 

	to run programs in the background use (you can logout and the program continues
	to run) use: 

	./my_program &

	if you are reading/writing to the terminal ("printf","scanf","WRITE(6,*)",
	"READ(5,*)","cout <<","cin >>") you can redirect input/output with:

	./my_program > output.file < input.file &

	input.file should contain what you usually type at the command prompt.
	To look at the output you can use:

	tail -f output.file

3.4 make- if you are compiling reasonable sized programs with several source
	 files have a look at this command (man make).

4. E-mail
	Several e-mail clients are installed: netscape, pine, exmh, elm, mail.
	Choose the one to your liking.

5. Remote access.
	You can access grad.physics.sunysb.edu remotely using:
	ftp (file transfer), ssh (secure shell), pop3 (mail server), 
	imap (mail server).
	In addition, to the outside you can use: telnet, rsh.

6. Internationalization
	6.1 Gnome
	Just choose your language in the login box.

	6.2 KDE
	Choose your language inside KDE in the Settings/Desktop/Language menu.
	KDE is (essentially) a German project and so should have very 
	good/complete translations to German.

	6.3 Gnu utils (Gnome does this auto-magically)
	set the environment variables LINGUAS and LANG to your country code
	(us, gr, fr, pt, el). In bash (the command shell we are all using)
	 just do:

	export LINGUAS=pt
	export LANG=pt

	You can put this in your ~/.bash_profile ("~" stands for you home
	 directory)

	6.4 Dictionaries
	You can now use ispell to check the spelling of documents in your
	 native language (only in the redhat-6.1 computers).
	Use:
	ispell -d my_language_dictionary
	The available dictionaries (and their correct names) can be checked
	 with:
	ls /usr/lib/ispell
	The dictionary name doesn't include the "." or anything after it.
	(I think I will use it to check this document :)

7. Printing
	lpr - Submit job to printer
	lprm - Deletes job from the printing queue
	lpq - Lists jobs in the printing queue

	The printer identification is no longer needed (the "-P glps" thing)